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Intensive livestock production in the UK is spatially concentrated in certain counties where its proliferation has triggered increasing controversy over multiple impacts and externalities. Planning authorities have struggled to ha...
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Intensive livestock production in the UK is spatially concentrated in certain counties where its proliferation has triggered increasing controversy over multiple impacts and externalities. Planning authorities have struggled to handle the increasing contestation within a policy void and weakened institutional context, under the influence of the longstanding agricultural hegemony which normalises intensive farming. In the first significant UK study of such planning contestations this paper presents data on the rapid growth of the poultry industry in Herefordshire and Shropshire and how this triggered conflict during the 2010s between the agri-industrial sector and increasing numbers of objectors. Poultry farmer motivations are explored and a typology of farming situations is suggested. The paper reveals how a new public of objectors mobilised to campaign against intensive livestock developments on multiple environmental, economic, health and quality of life grounds. Tracing the power relations within and between the groups of actors reveals multiple uncertainties over impacts, particularly cumulative water and air pollution and a lack of trust in both technocratic planning processes and politicised decision making. The research suggests the planning authorities should address the policy void, acknowledge the uncertainties and take a more open, proactive and strategic approach to locating intensive livestock operations.
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The majority of commercial layers in the world is kept in confined cage housing systems where the birds are unable to exhibit their normal behaviours like dust bathing, perching, foraging and nesting etc. The space requirement in ...
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The majority of commercial layers in the world is kept in confined cage housing systems where the birds are unable to exhibit their normal behaviours like dust bathing, perching, foraging and nesting etc. The space requirement in battery cage system is much less than the aviary and free range system. Though cage-free systems provide better welfare, there are issues of cannibalism, fracture, spread of diseases, air quality, egg quality and health of the birds. Worldwide there is diffusion in the welfare regulations for both layers and broilers. There is increasing awareness among consumers regarding the origin of their poultry products and simultaneous need to improve the current level of bird welfare by the egg industry. Thus, welfare concepts not only emphasize five freedoms but also have biological, cultural, economic, social, philosophical, emotional, legal, and political dimensions. The degree of free choices made by well informed and educated consumers may play an important role in implementing welfare measures. There is also a need for additional research on economic implications of welfare under different agro climatic conditions. This review will mostly highlight productivity, behavioural restrictions and welfare issues of laying chickensunder different farming systems.
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Автор раскрывает эффективность освещения светодиодными светильниками белого тёплого спектра при выращивании кур-несушек. П...
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Автор раскрывает эффективность освещения светодиодными светильниками белого тёплого спектра при выращивании кур-несушек. По результатам опыта отмечены высокие сохранность поголовья, яйценоскость, масса яиц, повысилась также категорийность продукции, снижены затраты корма на 10 яиц на 1I процентов.
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Ultrasonic location was used to monitor the spontaneous movements of hens in cages during day and night. Behaviour patterns were related to egg-laying.
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Recent surveys and sample collection have confirmed the endemicity of Dermanyssus gallinae in poultry farming worldwide. The reduction in number and efficacy of many acaricide products has accentuated the prevalence rates of this ...
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Recent surveys and sample collection have confirmed the endemicity of Dermanyssus gallinae in poultry farming worldwide. The reduction in number and efficacy of many acaricide products has accentuated the prevalence rates of this poultry ectoparasite observed more often in non intensive systems such as free-range, barns or backyards and more often in laying hens than in broiler birds. The lack of knowledge from producers and the utilisation of inadequate, ineffective or illegal chemicals in many countries have been responsible for the increase in infestation rates due to the spread of acaricide resistance. The costs for control methods and treatment are showing the tremendous economic impact of this ectoparasite on poultry meat and egg industries. This paper reviews the prevalence rates of this poultry pest in different countries and for different farming systems and the production parameters which could be linked to this pest proliferation.
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The goal of this study was to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), namely methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from poultry and pig production in South Korea over the last 10 years (2005 throug...
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The goal of this study was to estimate the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), namely methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from poultry and pig production in South Korea over the last 10 years (2005 through 2014). The calculations of GHG emissions were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Over the study period, the CH4 emission from manure management decreased in layer chickens, nursery to finishing pigs and gestating to lactating sows, but there was a gradual increase in CH4 emission from broiler chickens and male breeding pigs. Both sows and nursery to finishing pigs were associated with greater emissions from enteric fermentation than the boars, especially in 2009. Layer chickens produced lower direct and indirect N2O emissions from 2009 to 2014, whereas the average direct and indirect N2O emissions from manure management for broiler chickens were 12.48 and 4.93 Gg CO2-eq/yr, respectively. Annual direct and indirect N2O emissions for broiler chickens tended to decrease in 2014. Average CO2 emission from direct on-farm energy uses for broiler and layer chickens were 46.62 and 136.56 Gg CO2-eq/yr, respectively. For pig sectors, the N2O emission from direct and indirect sources gradually increased, but they decreased for breeding pigs. Carbon dioxide emission from direct on-farm energy uses reached a maximum of 53.93 Gg CO2-eq/yr in 2009, but this total gradually declined in 2010 and 2011. For boars, the greatest CO2 emission occurred in 2012 and was 9.44 Gg CO2-eq/yr. Indirect N2O emission was the largest component of GHG emissions in broilers. In layer chickens, the largest contributing factor to GHG emissions was CO2 from direct on-farm energy uses. For pig production, the largest component of GHG emissions was CH4 from manure management, followed by CO2 emission from direct on-farm energy use and CH4 enteric fermentation emission, which accounted for 8.47, 2.85, and 2.82 Gg-CO2/yr, respectively. The greatest GHG emission intensity occurred in female breeding sows relative to boars. Overall, it is an important issue for the poultry and pig industry of South Korea to reduce GHG emissions with the effective approaches for the sustainability of agricultural practices.
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A brief overview of the application of vitamins and their possible role in alleviating stress in fowls under modern husbandry conditions, is presented.
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? The Author(s) 2022.The paper highlights the impact of two cross-border poultry infections with zoonotic potential (avian flu and Newcastle disease) on the functioning of industrial poultry farms in the former Soviet Union counti...
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? The Author(s) 2022.The paper highlights the impact of two cross-border poultry infections with zoonotic potential (avian flu and Newcastle disease) on the functioning of industrial poultry farms in the former Soviet Union counties (Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan), where the poultry industry is fairly well-developed. Despite the permanent vaccination of poultry against Newcastle disease in industrial poultry farming, the disease still affects individual farms in Ukraine, the Russian Federation, and Kazakhstan. In case of outbreaks, the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan use inactivated influenza vaccines. In Ukraine, for almost 20 years, outbreaks of influenza have been confirmed mainly on individual farms, and one outbreak of highly pathogenic influenza was reported on an industrial poultry farm in 2020. In the Russian Federation, highly pathogenic influenza occurs on industrial poultry farms more often. In Russia, seven industrial poultry enterprises were affected by influenza in 2016-2017, and eight in 2018. Infection of poultry with influenza virus on poultry factory farms is an indication of shortcomings in compliance with biosecurity measures. Influenza and Newcastle disease are always likely to occur in the countries in question, as wild birds migrate through their territory, and they are a reservoir of pathogens, therefore outbreaks are often associated with spring and autumn migrations of wild birds. In all of said countries, a large number of poultry is kept by individual households, where basic biosecurity, sanitation and preventive vaccination measures are not applied. This component is often crucial in bringing viral infections such as influenza and Newcastle disease on large poultry farms. As a result, the virus is brought onto poultry farms by synanthropic birds, humans, transport, feed, etc.
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During the recent past, poultry sector has shown immense adaptations to meet the ever-increasing demand for safe meat and eggs. However, this growth has been accompanied by structural changes within the industry which has led to e...
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During the recent past, poultry sector has shown immense adaptations to meet the ever-increasing demand for safe meat and eggs. However, this growth has been accompanied by structural changes within the industry which has led to emergence of various environmental and public health concerns ranging from water, air and soil pollution to ecological imbalances, biodiversity losses and occupational health and safety hazards. This paper analyses the environmental and human health impacts of intensive poultry production and various technical strategies to mitigate these issues.
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Natural mating colony cages for parent-stock layer breeders, instead of conventional cages with artificial insemination, have been widely adopted by many commercial farms in China. However, the fertility rate of this system varies...
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Natural mating colony cages for parent-stock layer breeders, instead of conventional cages with artificial insemination, have been widely adopted by many commercial farms in China. However, the fertility rate of this system varies greatly among different cage tiers. We speculated that the difference in fertility rate might be caused by uneven illumination because vision appears to play a central role in birds? behaviour, including mating. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of 4 LED light colours (white: WL, red: RL, yellow-orange: YO, and blue-green: BG), each at 2 light intensities (10 lx, 25 lx), on mating frequency and fertility for layer breeders in natural mating colony cages. A total of 32 identical cages were involved in the 8 treatments, with 4 replicates for each treatment and 5 males and 45 females per cage. The results showed significant effects of age, light colour, light intensity and colour-intensity interaction on the frequency of mating behaviour, integrity of matings and fertility. Overall, flocks treated with WL and RL and a higher light intensity during the laying period showed more frequent mating behaviour, a larger proportion of relatively complete matings and a higher fertility. All components of mating behaviour and fertility declined from 30 wks to 50 wks of age, but no significant correlation was found between fertility and mating behaviour. In summary, the results of this study illustrate that differences in LED light colour and light intensity influenced the mating behaviour and fertility of layer breeders. WL and RL and a higher light intensity can increase the frequency of mating behaviour, the proportion of complete matings and fertility. No significant correlation was found between fertility and mating behaviour. Such knowledge can help to understand mating behaviour in natural mating colony cages and provide a basis for optimization of the light environment.
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